For most of historical time, women were oppressed not through their reproductive sexuality – that is, through the need of society to assign most of a woman’s adult lifespan to tasks of child-bearing and child-rearing – but through the devaluing of such activities by men as they institute organized society. Women are oppressed also through sexual exploitation, as manifested in the rape of women of the conquered group by the victors, the rape of women of subordinate classes by the masters, in the millennia of organized prostitution, and in the constant pressure on single women to make marriage and family service their main career. Women as a group are oppressed through the denial of access to educational opportunities on equality with men and, finally, through the denial to them – for longer than to any other group – of political representation and power in government.[1] The history of feminism is the chronological narrative of the movements and ideologies aimed at equal rights for women. While feminists around the world have differed in causes, goals, and intentions depending on time, culture, and country, most Western feminist historians assert that all movements that work to obtain women’s rights should be considered feminist movements, even when they did not (or do not) apply the term to themselves.[2][3][4][5][6] Other historians limit the term to the modern feminist movement and its progeny, and instead use the label “protofeminist” to describe earlier movements.[7]